The Atlantic Mudskipper (Periophthalmus barbarus) is a captivating and unique species that has adapted to life both in and out of water. Found along the west African coastline, this semi-aquatic creature thrives in estuarine mangrove swamps, where it roams mudflats at the water's edge. With its remarkable physical adaptations, territorial behavior, and diverse feeding habits, the Atlantic Mudskipper makes for an extraordinary addition to any aquarium. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore its distribution, habitat requirements, breeding conditions, behavior, and more to help you successfully care for and appreciate this fascinating species.
Distribution and Habitat
The Atlantic Mudskipper's range stretches from Mauritania in the north to Angola in the south, covering most of the west African coastline. Reports of occurrences in India, Thailand, and the Philippines are likely misidentifications. In their natural habitat, these mudskippers inhabit estuarine mangrove swamps, thriving in areas with mudflats exposed during low tide. During this period, they emerge to forage and retreat to their burrows when the water level rises. They prefer brackish conditions, with marine salt added to the water to achieve a specific gravity of around 1.005.
Aquarium Size and Setup
For a single Atlantic Mudskipper, a minimum tank size of 36″ x 12″ x 12″ (120cm x 30cm x 30cm) or a 110-liter tank is acceptable. However, providing more floor space is highly recommended, aiming for at least 24″ x 12″ territory space per fish. Ensure the setup includes exposed land areas with a sandy or mudflat mud bank, or partially submerged bogwood. The atmosphere outside the water should be humid and have the same temperature as the water. A tightly-fitting lid is essential to prevent the mudskipper from escaping the aquarium.
Water Conditions
Maintain water and air temperatures within the range of 77 – 86°F (25 – 30°C). The pH level should be between 7.0 – 8.5, and the hardness should range from 10 – 25°H. Adding crushed coral or other calcareous material can help buffer the water if necessary.
Diet and Feeding
The Atlantic Mudskipper is a carnivorous species that feeds primarily on crabs, insects, and other invertebrates in the wild. In captivity, they are highly adaptable and will accept live worms, crickets, flies, mealworms, beetles, small fish, crustaceans, frozen foods like bloodworm or Artemia, and occasionally flake food. Avoid feeding them dried food, as it can cause bloating.
Behavior and Compatibility
Atlantic Mudskippers are highly territorial, especially males, and may not do well with conspecifics or small fish that can be considered prey. In larger setups, you can keep multiple mudskippers along with other compatible brackish species like Anableps, Toxotes, Monodactylus, Scatophagus, Arius catfish, and other gobies. However, it's best to have a species tank for Atlantic Mudskippers or keep a single male if space is limited.
Breeding and Reproduction
Breeding the Atlantic Mudskipper in captivity is challenging, and it hasn't been achieved in public aquaria. In the wild, males dig deep shafts in the mud for mating and brood care. The female lays eggs in the deepest chamber, and the male guards the young once they hatch. Replicating their complex natural environment makes captive breeding unlikely for now.
Notes and Interesting Facts
The Atlantic Mudskipper's unique adaptations, including its protruding eyes, amphibious nature, and impressive locomotion, make it an incredibly interesting species to observe and care for. They are hardy and can be relatively easy to maintain if their basic needs are met. Their endearing behavior, territorial displays, and ability to recognize their caretakers make them a popular choice for aquarium enthusiasts seeking an unusual and characterful species.
Conclusion
The Atlantic Mudskipper (Periophthalmus barbarus) is undoubtedly an extraordinary creature with its amphibious lifestyle, territorial behavior, and fascinating adaptations. Successfully keeping and caring for this species requires providing a suitable aquarium setup, maintaining appropriate water conditions, and offering a varied diet. While breeding in captivity remains a challenge, their entertaining and unique behavior make them a highly recommended addition to any brackish aquarium. The Atlantic Mudskipper offers an opportunity to witness the wonders of nature up close and adds a touch of excitement to any aquatic enthusiast's collection.